오스만제국 카라마니 메흐메드 파샤(Karamanî Mehmed Paşa)의 개혁- 메흐메드 2세 시기 법률, 토지개혁을 중심으로 -

Mehmed II of Osman İmparatorluğu conquered Constantinople, earning the title of “conqueror(Fatih).” Taking advantage of his authority as the absolute padişah, he took on reforms to solve piles of many different issues around his empire. Karamani Mehmed Pasha, who was from Ilmiye, received Medrese education. Later, he became a Medrese professor in Istanbul by the recommendation of Mahmud Pasha and was appointed as Nişancı in the Osman government. After getting the desgination of Vezir, he was promoted even to the position of Vezir-i a’zam. He offered a theoretical foundation for Mehmed II’s reform and took the lead in his reform. The core of Mehmed II’s reform is his enactment of Kanunnâme-i Âl-i Osman and land reform(Toprak reformu). Mehmed II enacted Kanunnâme-i Âl-i Osman by putting together many old Kanunlars. This act covered the organization and management of the Osman Empire government and lasted until the 19th century. In addition, an inheritance act was introduced to cover the positions of rulers, offering legal legitimacy for the murder of one’s brother(Kardeş Katli). Land reform was a means for the emperor to keep in check nobility, prestigious Şeyh, and Derviş force. Mehmed II’s reform faced oppositions from many different power groups. Once he passed away, Mehmed Pasha was murdered by the opposition groups. Succeeding Mehmed II, Bayezıd II returned things to the state before the reform, leaving the reform by Mehmed II and Karamani Mehmed Pasha uncompleted.