Industry 4.0 시대의 스마트 항만 효율성 평가

In this study, we carry out the case study of smart ports and analyze the relative efficiency of container ports with global competitiveness. The main research contents and results are as follows. First, as examples of smart port construction, the current status of Shanghai, Singapore, Qingdao, Rotterdam, Los Angeles, Hamburg, and Long Beach ports was investigated. Second, the efficiency of the global Top 20 ports based on container throughput including smart ports was evaluated. At this time, the efficiency values for each model were analyzed using four output-oriented DEA models, and the Entropy model was applied to derive an integrated efficiency value. Third, among smart ports, the efficiency of Shanghai port was relatively high, and the efficiency values of Qingdao and Singapore ports were analyzed to be 0.5 or higher, and Guangzhou ports, not smart ports, were evaluated efficiently in most DEA models. Fourth, the technical efficiency of 20 ports is low, the scale efficiency is high, the deviation of the pure technical efficiency value is large, and only 17 ports were analyzed as a decrease return to scales. Overall, an effective competition strategy should be established in order to analyze the reasons for the low efficiency of smart ports and to derive tangible results of smart ports, and development of evaluation indicators appropriate for the efficiency evaluation of smart ports is required. This study is expected to provide basic data to understand the competitiveness of smart ports and to understand the characteristics of ports required for efficiency evaluation.