疫情背景下妨害传染病防治罪实务研究

The crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is a new crime in Chinese Criminal Law in 1997, but it really entered the field of judicial practice after the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in 2020, and has been shelved before, which also brings a new perspective for the study of this crime. During the epidemic in novel coronavirus pneumonia, there were a large number of criminal acts that hindered the prevention and control of the epidemic, which activated the crime of hindering the prevention and control of infectious diseases called "zombie crime". The legal interest protected by this crime should be plural legal interest, the main legal interest is the order of infectious disease prevention and control management, and the secondary legal interest is public health safety. The serious consequences caused by the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic show that it is of great legislative significance, necessary and urgent to regulate the acts that hinder the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The vicious crimes that frequently occur under the background of the epidemic cannot be adjusted by the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Starting from the practical treatment of the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, Combined with the current situation of management and control policies in COVID-19 pandemic in a special period, this paper puts forward that the cumbersome procedure for determining the grade of infectious diseases, the rapid development of epidemic situation and the lack of practical experience in dealing with the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases are the reasons for the judicial gap in criminal law. In response to this emergency, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Justice issued the Opinions on Punishing Laws and Crimes Obstructing the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Epidemic in Novel Coronavirus according to Law, which temporarily expanded the application scope of the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases in practice during the epidemic period. After that, the newly promulgated amendment to the Criminal Law changed this embarrassment, and formally brought novel coronavirus pneumonia into the adjustment scope of this crime by repairing the legal provisions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study on the basic principles and judicial practice of this crime under the new background of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. In order to further improve the application of the crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in practice, we should improve the disposal rules at the rule level, implement the legislative purpose at the implementation level, and prevent the abuse of charges in the application process. In the future, when we encounter a major sudden epidemic again, we can respond more quickly and maturely.