책 표지 디자인의 시각 기호 분류체계 제안 - 조지 오웰의『1984년』책 표지 디자인 사례를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to examine the theories of visual semiotics, to propose a classification system that can be used for graphic design analysis, and then to illustrate a comprehensive analysis method through a case study of book cover design. As a research method, the influence from Roland Barthes to Group μ, and Martine Joly was investigated in visual semiotics, and visual signs were classified into iconographic, plastic, and linguistic signs according to Joly's classification. A classification system was proposed by supplementing and modifying Joly's system as follows. First, it is necessary to divide the signifier into ‘object’ and ‘form’. Second, it is necessary to include symbolic sign in the classification system. Third, the analysis of language symbols, that is, typography, should be strengthened. In the proposed classification system, the visual sign of book cover design can be classified into icon sign, symbolic sign, linguistic sign, and plastic sign on the vertical axis. And on the horizontal axis, it can be classified into signifier(object) and signified in primary signification, and can be classified into signifier(method) and signified in secondary signification. In order to apply the classification system to actual case analysis, we analyzed the book cover design cases of 1984, a dystopian novel by George Orwell. The cover designed by Shepard Fairy is an example of a balance between image and typography, and the cover designed by John Gray is an example of a typography focus. As a result of the analysis, It can be seen that among the sign elements of the book cover, the icon sign, the symbolic sign, and the linguistic sign are all related to the plastic sign in the secondary signification. That is, the signifier(method) of secondary signification means a plastic message. However, among the plastic signs, 'composition' needs to be placed in a large category because it synthesizes the individual significations of various signs. Through this, it can be seen that the plastic sign is the most important sign occupying a fundamental weight.