총동원체제기(1939~1945) 강제동원 조선인 노무자 대상 재해부조의 연원과 양상

This paper tries to elucidate that industrial accident compensation system for Korean forced labor was less a benefit coming from the mobilization for the wartime colonial labor force than it was merely an incidental effect of working in Japan, a different legal domain. Contrary to the poor circumstances in colonial Korea, in Japan, the industrial accident compensation system subdivided by types of work was gradually institutionalized nationwide: Factory Act (1916), Mining Labor Compensation Rules (1916), and Worker Accident Compensation Act (1931). In addition, the medical insurance and pension insurance coexisted and took charge of compensation in part: Health Insurance Act (1927) and Worker Pension Insurance Act (1942). When a Korean laborer entered “the inner land” (Naechi), he could benefit from the worker protection system including compensation for industrial accidents at least in principle, although the boundaries of the legal domain within the Japanese Empire were clear-cut. Labor immigration on the basis of so-called “forced mobilization” (Kangjetongwǒn) since July, 1939, became the most prevailing way to cross the sea, it was still only one of the official ways of “immigrating to the inner land” (Naechitohang). It is natural to see, therefore, that the industrial accident compensation system, which had already been applied to “Korean residents in Japan” (Chaeiljosǒnin), was also applied to Korean forced labor. In fact, when Korean laborers working in Japan by “forced mobilization” were injured due to accident on duty, they could receive medical expense and/or compensation for sick leave or disability in accordance with regulations of Japan.