위험기피성향에 따른 민간의료보험 가입결정요인 차이 분석

Background: China's medical security system is mainly composed of two parts: Basic Medical Insurance(BMI) and Private Health Insurance(PHI). Among them, the BMI provides reimbursement of basic medical expenses for the insured persons according to different proportions. PHI is a necessary supplement to the BMI and provides assistance to the insured persons in the event of illness or accident. By having PHI, people can obtain medical protection outside the coverage of BMI. On the one hand, the potential demand for China's PHI is huge. On the other hand, the effective demand for China's PHI is insufficient. To this end, we need to find and analyze the determinants of having PHI to stimulate the effective demand of consumers in the health insurance market, so as to fundamentally solve the bottleneck of the development of PHI. Methods: This study used the cross-sectional data of CFPS 2018 released by the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in December 2020. The sample is divided into three types: risk aversion, risk neutral, risk preference. By constructed PHI purchase behavior model and using the method of binary logistic regression, the determinants of having PHI were analyzed. Results: The results show that, without grouping based on personal risk appetite, 9 of the 14 independent variables including risk appetite have a significant effect on having PHI. Specifically, it is BMI, age, marital status, urban and rural classification, education level, family population size, annual income, annual medical expenditure and risky financial investment. Among the three models grouped by risk appetite, In the risk aversion model, 10 independent variables including BMI, age, urban and rural classification, education level, residential area, family population size, annual income, annual medical expenditure, risky financial investment and real estate a total have significant effects. In the risk neutral model, 4 independent variables including BMI, education level, total expenditure and risky financial investment have significant effects. In the risk preference model, 5 independent variables including BMI, age, education level, annual income and risky financial investment have significant effects. Conclusion: This study found that the type of risk appetite does not have a significant effect on having PHI, but there are differences in the determinants of having PHI according to different risk appetite types. In addition, we also found that as the degree of sensitivity to risk increases, the proportion of having BMI will increases, while having PHI will decreases. This has certain positive significance for the mutual promotion of PHI and BMI.