무기대여법은 소비에트 연방의 승리에 얼마나 이바지했는가? - 제2차 세계대전 시기 미국의 대(對)소련 군수물자 원조를 둘러싼 쟁점과 역사서술의 동향 -

This article aims to give an overview of the historiography on what role the Lend-Lease aid played in the Soviet victory in World War 2. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the USA provided the Soviet Union with the astronomical amount of military aid, which helped to build up the Red Army’s combat capabilities. Roosevelt and Stalin maintained a good relationship throughout the war. The Roosevelt administration, which touted the Lend-Lease program as a major achievement, maintained that it was a secondary factor in the Soviet victory, and the Soviet leadership was grateful for the aid. This mutual respect faded during the Cold War. The Soviet historiography viewed the Red Army as having won the war on their own, while the Western historiography viewed it as not having won without Lend-Lease aid. Since the 1970’s, however, not a few researchers in the West has taken a more flexible approach to the issues. After the demise of the Soviet Union, some Russian scholars even adopted the view that had prevailed in the West during the initial stages of the Cold War, arguing that the Soviet victory would not have been possible without Lend-Lease aid. Such claims were refuted by the mainstream of Russian historians. 2000’s saw that a new generation of the Russian historians succeeded to produce high quality research. A kind of convergence took place in Western and Russian historiography, with a tentative consensus that the Lend-Lease aid was important, but not decisive in the Soviet Union’s triumph.