Analysis of Institutional Limitations of CPTED Design for Metro Stations and Suggestion for Improvement

(Background and Purpose) Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is an essential element to consider in urban areas for a sustainable urban environment. Plans for a safe, spatial environment using CPTED are being developed and applied. The application of CPTED in Metro, a public transit facility, has yet to be institutionalized and specific application guidelines have not been established. This study examined the institutional status of the CPTED application guidelines presented in Korea. In terms of metro stations, current institutional matters are analyzed, and the limitations of applying CPTED design principles to metro stations are discussed. (Method) In this study, regulations and guidelines for the application of CPTED in railway facilities, such as CPTED-related schemes and architectural design guidelines of the metro stations in Korea, and literature, such as related previous studies, were used to create a quantitative checklist to analyze the current status of CPTED application for eight stations of Metro Line 1. The current status of CPTED application was surveyed for eight stations on Metro Line 1, and the actual situation was analyzed according to each basic CPTED application concept and principle by dividing the space of the railway station. (Results) Spaces with a high CPTED application rate were ticket booths in most stations. Spaces with a lower application rate were exits and stairs. Second, it typically received high scores in Natural Surveillance, Territorial Reinforcement, and Clarity Reinforcement. Natural Surveillance received a high score in the placement of locations where natural surveillance is convenient for vehicle and pedestrian exits. Areas with alternative routes for moving and lighting using white lights received high Territorial Reinforcement scores. (Conclusions) First, it is necessary to expand the scope of application in the crime prevention building standards to include Metro stations, which are currently excluded. Second, it is necessary to understand the space of the metro station, which occupies most of the transportation share in the metropolitan area, in a broad sense. Third, the stations in this study showed many limitations even though they were confined to station facilities as aboveground stations with almost no transfers. However, as the metro network becomes more complicated and complex with multiple commercial spaces, the metro station is becoming more and more complex. Therefore, it is necessary to present the policy and institutional parts of the CPTED application for buildings for public transportation, especially Metro stations, in a more concrete manner by composing a special law, etc.