항공기 이착륙에 의한 온실가스 배출량 및 사회적 비용 분석: 국내 4대 주요 공항을 중심으로

Efforts to reduce carbon emissions are diversifying in all areas of society. Among the means of transportation, aviation emits the most CO₂ emissions per person and per kilometer, and the severity of emissions in the aviation sector is constantly being raised due to the influence of secondary pollutants generated during operation. This study aims to calculate greenhouse gas emissions and analyze social costs. LTO cycle, number of engines, engine operating hours, and emission factor were considered for emission calculation. To calculate the social cost, the total cost was calculated by multiplying the GHG emissions by the basic unit for each pollutant. For pollutant emission factors by aircraft type and number of engines by aircraft type, Korea’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory was referred to. Four major airports, including Incheon, Gimpo, Jeju, and Gimhae, were selected for analysis, and aircraft take-off and landing data from 2018 to 2022 were used. As a result of the analysis of emissions and social costs, Incheon, Jeju, Gimpo, and Gimhae had the most emissions, and in the case of Incheon, about 3.7 million tCO₂ eq was emitted over 5 years, and about KRW 174.1 billion of social costs were calculated. Emissions and social costs decreased during the pandemic period for all four airports, but it was analyzed that they gradually increased from 2021. This study suggests policy suggestions such as establishing an emission monitoring system between airlines, manufacturers, and the government, improving flight efficiency, air traffic management, and fuel and gas conversion.