중국의 선박기인 온실가스 배출규제에 관한법적 고찰

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping is a great significance for climate change and achieving sustainable development goals. The International Maritime Organization has made many efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international vessels. In 2011, resolution MEPC203 (62) introduced the “Ship Energy Efficiency Regulations” into Annex VI of the MAPROL 73/78 Convention. The “Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)” for new building vessels and the "Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)" for operational vessels came into effect on January 1, 2013. Starting from 2023, the existing ship Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Index (CII) system will be implemented. Member States of the IMO at the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80) in July 2023, have adopted the 2030 IMO Strategy on Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships, aiming at reaching net-zero GHG emissions by of around, i. e. close to 2050. In order to implement greenhouse gas emission regulations under the international law for international shipping, the Chinese government has implemented subsidies measure for scrapping old ships, eco-friendly fuel and promoted green ships since 2013. In 2022, the "Ship Energy Consumption Data and Carbon Intensity Management Measures" was issued and implemented, and the development of green and low-carbon shipping policies was stipulated into legal norms by promoting the revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Act. Unfortunately, the existing policies and legal systems are limited to both technical and operational aspects, and the market mechanisms such as the carbon emission trading system and the carbon tax have not yet been adopted to promote greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the shipping sector. Considering the impact of shipping carbon trading rules on China's shipping industry, China opposes the IMO market-based system, fearing the economic ripple effect on its own shipping sector. Because the perception that the emissions trading system in the shipping sector is a burden for economic growth. So about the green eco-friendly shippin industry need a paradigm shift. This study focuses on the measures taken by the International Maritime Organization to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. Also examines the policies and relevant legal systems of China. It then analyzes several issues about application of the international law in China and proposes countermeasures and suggestions. Discussing the policies and legal system status, legal problems and improvement directions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships can help us to understand China's related legal system. Whether or not recognized, as one of the foreign legislative examples, it will be able to provide important suggestions for setting greenhouse gas reduction targets and legal responses.