지방자치 선거제도의 문제점과 대안으로서 순위선택투표제 도입에 관한 헌법적 검토

This study aims to analyze the current reality of local politics and the problems of the local electoral system as the cause of the problems, and to analyze the specific measures and the effect of the ranked choice voting system to be used in the local electoral system as an alternative. At present, it can be said that local politics has failed to build political efficacy and trust because it is perceived by citizens as an area of unnecessary and wasteful politics without securing differentiation from central politics. A key factor is the dominance of party nominations in local elections. Attempts to ban party nominations may reduce the subordination of local politics to central politics, but they are limited by the fact that the party vacuum may be filled by another local de facto power, and this is unlikely to be a desirable change in the political will of the local population. Therefore, it is necessary to consider how to reduce the influence of political parties through electoral reform. Our local electoral system is a combination of first-past-the-post, single non-transferable vote, party-list proportional representation. However, the benefits of each system are not realized, and in many regions one-party rule continues for long periods of time, with unchecked leaders and local politicians contributing to corruption. Because party nominations guarantee elections, citizen oversight and control are also ineffective. As an alternative to reforming the local electoral system, we examined the use of ranked-choice voting in combination with the single-member district system and the use of ranked-choice voting in combination with the multi-member district system. As a result, the single-member ranked-choice voting system enhances freedom of choice by reducing voter concerns about resignation and the burden of strategic voting, and, when combined with the majority party nomination method, it reduces the influence of party nominations and enhances voter choice. The multi-member ranked-choice voting system can solve the problems of inequality of voters' influence on election results and deviations in representation caused by the single non-transferable vote, and contribute to the free exercise of voters' electoral rights. Ranked Choice Voting is a system that allows for free and equal political expression of the electorate and more accurate representation in the electoral process. Ranked Choice Voting is an alternative that deserves to be considered and tried to improve our local electoral system and strengthen the realization of constitutionally guaranteed voting rights and democracy.