한국의 난민 교육법제 현황 및 향후 과제 - 인구감소시대의 인적자원개발 관점에서 -

Korea is expected to see a decrease in the working-age population. It is urgent to secure the population necessary for sustainable growth in Korea. Meanwhile, 1% of the world's population is refugees. Climate change, civil war and a war between countries have led to a surge in the number of refugees in recent years. The number of refugees in Korea is smaller than that of major countries, but UNHCR predicts that the influx of refugees into Korea will increase in the future. Refugee-hosting countries suffer from financial burden in the short term, but the influx of refugees has had a positive effect on economic growth in the mid to long term. Education is an effective mechanism for social integration, such as enhancing the capacity of refugees and adapting to host countries. However, many refugees do not have opportunities for school education. Refugees who enter school also have difficulty adjusting to school. This is because educational support considering the culture and assets of refugee students is not sufficiently provided. Refugee research in Korea was mainly conducted on the refugee screening process and refugee settlement in general. It is necessary to examine the current status of the refugee education legislation and the direction of improvement of the Korean refugee education legislation in preparation for the use of refugee human resources in the era of population decline and the influx of many refugees in the future. The refugee education legislation in Korea is a structure in which education-related laws are applied mutatis mutandis, focusing on the refugee law. The Refugee Act allows refugee recipients to receive primary and secondary education (Article 33), and applies this to refugee applicants (Article 43). There is no explicit provision for humanitarian residents. For refugees, there is no mandatory regulation for notification of school attendance, making it difficult for refugees to attend school, and because the targets for education expenses are limited, it is difficult to educate infants and take after-school classes. It is difficult to complete higher education due to the Higher Education Act, which requires the import of evidentiary documents from the home country to recognize the academic background required for college admission. Based on the review of the refugee education law system, this study presents the following directions for improving the refugee education law system. First, it is proposed to change the refugee law centered on refugee screening to a refugee human resource development perspective and revise it to enable the use of refugee human resources. Second, it was proposed to establish a legal basis for guaranteeing enrollment in elementary and secondary schools and to establish a basis for supporting educational expenses so that refugees can enjoy practical educational opportunities beyond the formal educational opportunities of the Refugee Act. Third, in accordance with the Lisbon Recognition Convention, the study argues that new regulations should be introduced to introduce a system that recognizes educational background by evaluating refugees' prior experiential learning without proof of academic qualification recognition. Lastly, it is proposed to legislate refugee understanding education to improve awareness of refugees and to establish new regulations to support refugees by the state and local governments.