해양의 사회ㆍ생태복원에 관한 법정책적 연구

This article was written to present a legal policy for the coexistence of human society and marine ecosystem based on the discourses of social-ecological restoration at a time when the ecosystem service provided by the ocean to mankind is significantly deteriorating due to damage or destruction of the marine ecosystem. To this end, the concept and characteristics of social-ecological restoration were analyzed, the domestic marine ecosystem restoration policy was diagnosed and evaluated, and the trends and implications of overseas marine ecosystem restoration policies were derived to present legal challenges for marine social-ecological restoration. Social-ecological restoration refers to maintaining and securing the resilience of both on the premise that human society and natural ecosystem are intricately connected and interacting with each other in one system according to social-ecological system theory. In order to implement this in terms of legal systems and policies, it is necessary to embody the characteristics of resilience, such as securing diversity and connectivity, considering slow variables and feedback, continuous learning and community participation, and establishing polycentric governance. Major countries such as the United States and Australia, as well as the United Nations and the EU, are promoting marine ecosystem restoration policies in a way that embodies the characteristics of social-ecological restoration by setting restoration goals linking human society and ecosystem, integrating knowledge and information related to local communities, establishing broad stakeholder-centered governance, establishing restoration plans integrating land and marine ecosystems, and continuing and implementing various restoration projects. On the other hand, Korea is pushing for restoration projects in sections by dividing them into tidal flat restoration, sea forest creation, marine ecosystem habitat function improvement and restoration, and there are limitations such as setting ecological restoration goals, collecting information dependent on national surveys, government-led project promotion systems, lack of distribution and linkage of restoration plans under individual laws, and implementation of fragmentary and post-restoration projects. Therefore, for Korea's marine ecosystem restoration policy to be improved by accepting the concept of social-ecological restoration, it is necessary to set goals for marine social-ecological restoration, integrate management of marine ecosystem restoration information, establish governance of ecological areas participating in marine citizens, establish a policy plan for mainstreaming marine ecosystem restoration, and implement various restoration projects in a full cycle. In particular, it is hoped that the legal policy presented in this article will be actively reviewed and the marine ecosystem restoration policy, which is being promoted passively, will be activated.