인공지능 거버넌스와 통상규범의 과제

Artificial intelligence (AI) has captured attention as a driving force behind revolutionary changes in the global economy and society. Notably, product intelligence, autonomous manufacturing systems, and innovative business models are rapidly advancing, ushering in a new era of globalized data economy. Major nations such as the United States, the European Union, and China are actively engaged in geopolitical strategic competition in the field of AI, recognizing its pivotal role in future economic and military dominance. However, amid this period of paradigm shifts and turbulent changes in the global trade landscape, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is falling behind. The international community is urged to courageously confront challenges and seek solutions grounded in the principles of openness, freedom, and democratic values. This paper delves into the technological, economic, and societal transformations brought about by the proliferation of AI, considering their implications from a trade perspective. It also examines the global strategic competition and cooperation surrounding AI governance from an international relations standpoint. As priority items for future trade discussions related to AI, the following are proposed: i) an AI product and service categorization framework, ii) the promotion of interoperability based on standardized protocols to facilitate trade, iii) the reconstructed legality of AI regulations to ensure trust, and iv) the harmonization of trade rules with economic security considerations.