행위자기반모형을 활용한소득보장정책이 부의 분포에 끼치는 영향 연구

This study aims to explore the potential of using agent-based modeling to predict how social policies will work. To this end, we use a simple agent-based model to examine the impact of a specific guaranteed income policy on changes in wealth distribution. We focus on two recent social policy initiatives: universal basic income and targeted subsidies for the underprivileged. In this paper, we simulate the Simple Economy model as the base model. We also model three income security policies: a universal basic income system for all citizens, a narrow welfare for the underprivileged, and a broad welfare for the underprivileged. We also establish performance indicators to evaluate the distribution of wealth. We then compare the performance indicators with the baseline model to see how they change when each policy model is implemented. In conclusion, we found that any income guarantee policy has the effect of correcting the distribution of wealth in the existing economy, but in particular, "broad welfare for the underprivileged" and "universal basic income" are the policies that equalize the distribution of wealth and make it converge to a normal distribution. These two policies had the effect of shifting the distribution of wealth from an exponential distribution of the base model to a normal distribution, and led to improvements in metrics such as the top decile share and the Gini coefficient.