1980~1990년대 한국의 주택체제 변화 연구 : 주택분양보증제도의 전개과정을 중심으로

By analyzing the historical background to a guarantee system for housing completion in South Korea, this study examines the changes to Korea’s housing regime in the 1980s and 1990s. The main findings are as follows. First, the guarantee system had not yet been introduced when the housing pre-sale system, as a prerequisite for the guarantee of housing completion and a key mechanism to enable the developmental housing regime to supply apartments in large volumes, was initiated in 1978. This is because of the primary role that large housing construction companies with government privileges played in this initial guarantee system, indicating that the risk of insolvency was low and the developmental state neglected social policy rather than economic policy. Second, since the mid-1980s, small and medium-sized companies have organized interest groups and conducted activities in furtherance of their interests. They provided the main impetus for the introduction of the guarantee system in which a mutual-aid association has played a primary role. In particular, the political democratization in 1987 was a critical juncture in expanding social policies by weakening growth-oriented authoritarianism. By weakening market regulation, it was also a factor in the private sector–led guarantee system. Third, the mutual-aid association–led guarantee system was financially risky due to its mutual helpfulness, so the 1997 currency crisis eventually led the association to dissolve, and its guarantee system has been delegated to the public sector. The currency crisis spread neoliberalism in earnest but also necessitated a social safety net and transformed the guarantee system into a public initiative. This trajectory reveals that Korea’s developmental housing regime has shifted to post-developmentalism—a hybridity of neoliberalism and developmentalism.