장년의 건강관련 삶의 질 영향 요인: 생활습관 및 정신건강을 중심으로

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a subjective evaluation of health encompassing various dimensions of physical, mental, and social well-being. The transition from middle age to older adulthood is marked by hormonal changes and physical aging, which can impact both physical and mental health. Consequently, it may also affect HRQOL. This study analyzed factors influencing HRQOL in middle-aged and older adults, with a focus on lifestyle habits and mental health. Data for this study were obtained from the 1st Korea Medical Panel Survey conducted collaboratively by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2018. The study population included 3,474 individuals aged 50 to 64. Data analysis was carried out using STATA 17.0, with characteristics described through frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Differences in HRQOL were analyzed using t-tests and ANOVA, while factors influencing HRQOL were assessed through gamma regression analysis. The mean HRQOL score was 0.920 ± 0.630. Significant differences in HRQOL were observed based on gender, age, education level, marital status, income level, employment status, number of chronic illnesses, body mass index, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, self-rated health status, stress, feelings of despair, unmet needs, anxiety, depression, and suicidal tendencies Factors positively influencing HRQOL, in descending order of impact, included income level in the 5th tier (OR=1.026, 95% CI=1.016~1.036), income levels in the 2nd and 4th tiers (OR=1.021, 95% CI=1.012~1.031; OR=1.021, 95% CI=1.011~1.031), completing college or higher education (OR=1.020, 95% CI=1.013~1.028), income level in the 3rd tier (OR=1.018, 95% CI=1.009~1.028), and having employment (OR=1.015, 95% CI=1.011~1.020), and completing high school (OR=1.012, 95% CI=1.006~1.019). However, factors negatively influencing HRQOL, in descending order of impact, included having suicidal tendencies (OR=0.947, 95% CI=0.934~0.960), experiencing depression (OR=0.967, 95% CI=0.958~0.977), feeling a lot of despair (OR=0.972, 95% CI=0.955~0.990), experiencing high levels of anxiety (OR=0.979, 95% CI=0.969~0.990), having three or more chronic illnesses (OR=0.983, 95% CI=0.978~0.989), and experiencing high levels of stress (OR=0.990, 95% CI=0.980~0.999). This study contributes valuable evidence for the development of policies and programs aimed at supporting the healthy lives of the middle-aged population by understanding the impact of lifestyle habits and mental health on HRQOL.