상속증여세 과세체계 국제비교 및 시사점

[Purpose]This paper aims to provide policy implications for current debate on Korea’s inheritance and gift tax system reform through international comparison. [Methodology]A comparative analysis was conducted between Korea and major OECD countries, in terms of inheritance and gift tax system taxation targets, deductions, tax rates, and tax burden. [Findings]First, the tax system needs to be amended considering Korea’s inheritance tax rate, thresholds and deductions has been maintained since the revision in 2000. Second, 24 OECD countries operate an inheritance or estate tax. The estate tax method is operated in 4 countries and the inheritance acquisition tax method is operated in 20 countries. Third, Korea’s inheritance and gift tax burden is higher than other OECD countries and growing faster. Among countries that operate both income tax and inheritance/estate tax, Korea’s income tax burden is significantly lower. [Implications]The international comparison suggests some room for inheritance tax. However, it appears that an income tax increase must be accompanied for stable government financing. Reforming the inheritance tax system from the estate tax method to the estate acquisition tax method seems more consistent with the ability to pay principle of tax, but considering the increase in tax administration costs, relaxation of progressive taxation, and the possibility of social problems due to tax avoidance is also important.