A Comparative Study on the Conservation and Utilization of Natural Heritage and the OECMs Identification Criteria

This study aims to lay the groundwork for the introduction of OECMs in Republic of Korea as part of efforts to enhance the management effectiveness of protected areas. In light of the recent implementation of the National Heritage system, the study seeks to extract key strategies for tailored OECMs in natural heritage by comparing the provisions of the rAct On Preservation And Utilization Of Natural Heritagej with the identification criteria for OECMs. First, the systems for different types of natural heritage are related to various similar laws from other ministries. Due to the association, there is a high possibility of vulnerable areas being inadequately protected, with differences in the content and scope of implementation projects concerning the same target, potentially undermining the original intent of protection. Sceond, natural heritage is distinct, featuring characteristics like scenic beauty, academic significance, rarity, distribution, and historical relevance, representing various cultural elements throughout its history. Inherent cultural factors differentiate it from the general landscape and natural environment. However, it fundamentally includes the intrinsic values of biodiversity and ecological aspects, reflecting the unique life processes of entities within the natural environment, including birth, life, and death. Third, with regard to OECMs, there has been a discussion through a survey of experts on the establishment of Korean terminology. Recognizing the necessity of future-oriented terms, South Korea has decided to call it ‘Natural Coexistence Areas (tentative)’ based on the survey results. Clarifying the disparities between protected areas and OECMs for the public is challenging, requiring a predefined direction or categorization to facilitate domestic OECMs establishment. Fourth, ecosystem services and cultural, spiritual, socio-economic values are particularly highlighted in the definition of natural heritage. It is noteworthy that natural heritage, as a unique natural object endowed with cultural value, stands out. The concept of cultural heritage formed through the interaction between natural objects and the natural environment, as described in the rAct On Preservation And Utilization Of Natural Heritagej, includes various types such as animals, plants, natural reserves, etc. Natural reserves that designate the entire entity as a target of conservation and spaces recognized for their aesthetic value as nature itself correspond to fundamental areas of biodiversity.