광역지방자치단체 조례상 ‘정의로운 전환’과 ‘기후정의’에 관한 내용과 향후 과제

In the midst of complex crises such as the decline in the total population, COVID-19, the perpetual occurrence of local wars, and pervasive social structural inequalities, we are facing the humanitarian and national challenges of the climate crisis. Here, on the premise of the guiding principles contained in the International Labour Organization's (ILO) “Guidelines for a Just Transition towards Environmentally Sustainable Economies and Societies for All”, we will discuss the principles of implementation of the 「Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for coping with Climate Crisis」 enacted in 2022 and the 「Act on Employment Stabilization Support on Industrial Transition」 enacted in 2023 as the parent laws, and the enactment of ordinances of metropolitan local governments that contain the legal basis for support at the local level. Through the current status of the ordinances, we sought to find out the substantive and procedural contents of climate justice and a just transition. This is because the prevailing opinion is that the process of realizing carbon neutrality in response to the climate crisis will have problems with employment, just as it did during the COVID-19 period. Currently, we need to predict job uncertainty, but what is more important is the creation of employment through industrial and regional transitions for a just transition, and the labor transitions included in them. This paper assumes that a relational approach of labor, industrial transition, and regional transformation is necessary for a just transition, and substantive climate justice (realization of a just transition as a basic principle or the responsibility of the head of a local government, establishment and operation of a just transition support center, designation of just transition special districts) and procedural climate justice (guarantee of democratic participation of local residents as a basic principle or responsibility of the head of a local government, provision of information on the climate crisis as a responsibility of the head of a local government or organization, establishment of the Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Committee, and participation of workers' representatives in the formation of the Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Committee or the Just Transition Committee) and the need to raise financial resources through social dialogue and transition councils, so-called carbon taxes and private sector investment in order to maintain and create employment through a just transition. Even in the era of carbon neutrality, a just transition including labor transition, will be possible when the Labor Law, the Social Security Act, the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for coping with Climate Crisis, the Act on Employment Stabilization Support on Industrial Transition, and the ordinances on carbon neutrality and green growth and just transition at the local level are effectively operated at the national, regional, and industrial levels.