유해로부터의 DNA 추출법에 대한 해외 동향 분석

At the occurrence of a mass disaster or crime, hard tissues such as bones or teeth of the skeletonized remains may be the only available source for DNA analysis. However, recovering DNA from these samples is challenging, owing to the limited quantity of DNA available when compared to samples such as soft tissues or body fluids. Moreover, the degree of decomposition and presence of PCR inhibitors in the sample varies depending on the environmental (humidity, temperature, pH, and soil-derived microorganisms) and preservation conditions. The samples also generally require complex pre-treatment processes including decalcification. To enhance the efficiency of DNA extraction from hard tissues, it is important to select an optimal DNA extraction method based on the condition of the samples. Herein, a statistical analysis of international trends of DNA extraction methods was performed, categorizing them based on literature published between 2013 and 2023. The classification highlighted methods that were applicable to forensic and archaeological samples. Moreover, this study included DNA extraction methods specifically for highly damaged samples, such as drowned bodies and burnt remains. Thus, this study is expected to be beneficial in establishing an optimal DNA extraction method for challenging forensic samples such as skeletal samples.