위기의 차별적 영향에 대한 생태학적 접근: 수용 능력과 국지적 경쟁을 중심으로

This study explores how crisis moderates relationships between organizational ecological factors and organizational performance differently depending on their types. Previous studies of organizational crises have focused on how organizations interpret and respond to crises, assuming that crises have only negative outcomes. However, there have been relatively few concerns raised about the presence of multiple types of crises and the possibility of qualitative differences among crises based on their typology. This study identifies two types of crises on the basis of their causes, characteristics, and developmental aspects, suggesting that each type of crisis may have a different moderating effect on organizational performance. To illustrate this, this study focuses on the Korean hotel industry, due to its unique context, which makes organizational ecological theory the most appropriate framework to use. First, this study examines the effects of carrying capacity and localized competition on organizational performance. Then, we propose that crises be classified in a different manner, by showing how two types of crises affect ecological factors and organization performance in different ways. To verify this, based on data on the Korean hotel industry from 2012 to 2021, an empirical analysis was conducted with the sales amount per available room (RevPAR) as the dependent variable. All hypotheses were supported confirming that the effects of carrying capacity and local competition are indeed adjusted in disparate directions by political crises arising from political agitation and pandemic diseases such as the COVID-19. As a result, organizational ecology theory has been extended by considering both endogenous and exogenous factors of organizational populations simultaneously in a single framework. Furthermore, our study elaborates the organizational crisis literature by examining how crisis affects organizations based on the type and the environment.