정치양극화의 비제도적 문제들에 관한 검토

Political polarization is first exacerbated by political and institutional factors. Therefore, in order to overcome political polarization, it is necessary to reform the power structure and parliamentary system, as well as the election system and party system. However, political polarization also occurs when voters' partisan identities overlap with various social cracks such as ideology, generation, class, gender, and region, in addition to these institutional problems. Today, we are facing a serious division. With the remnants of regional conflict remaining, generational conflict, gender conflict, and class conflict are further fragmenting society. The widening gap between ordinary voters and political elites caused by political polarization increases the likelihood of the emergence of populist politicians, which could even lead to a serious crisis in democracy. As political polarization in a more extreme direction progresses, the function of political parties representing voters politically is weakening as more and more non-partisan voters with a sense of political alienation are increasing. In this situation, what is urgently requested is to alleviate polarization by promoting cooperative politics between political parties. Therefore, in the case of Korea, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the type of social crack and political polarization. Among the causes of political polarization, research on institutional issues such as power structure, parliamentary system, election system, and party system has already progressed a lot, so this paper reviews non-institutional issues such as generational conflict, gender crack, class crack, and regionalism among the causes of political polarization and suggests alternatives.