민간 재난안전관리 주체성 확보를 위한 연구

Disaster safety management has been implemented under the initiative of the government because it can cause enormous damage to human life and property. The government establishes a disaster safety management plan in accordance with 「Framework Act on the Management Disaster and Safety」, and implements disaster safety management regulations in accordance with individual laws such as 「COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST NATURAL DISASTERS ACT」, 「Building Act」, 「SPECIAL ACT ON MANAGEMENT OF DISASTERS IN SUPER HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND COMPLEX BUILDINGS WITH UNDERGROUND CONNECTIONS」, 「ACT ON INSTALLATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FIREFIGHTING SYSTEMS」. Every time a major disaster occurs, new regulations are newly established through legislation. However, it is questionable how much it will be possible for the state to respond by establishing new regulations because the emergence of AI, data utilization, autonomous vehicles, and high-rise buildings, population density, and climate change caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution can cause disasters in new and unpredictable forms. This is because if regulations for disaster safety management increase indiscriminately, it may rather harm national competitiveness by acting as a regulation on the development of new technologies such as AI and infringement of people's property rights. Disaster safety management should be changed from state-led legal regulations to the creation of a voluntary implementation environment centered on individuals. That does not mean that the state's intervention is completely excluded. Since there are already cases of prior legal regulation, it is emphasized that it is time to consider ways to implement disaster safety management, focusing on non-regulatory methods that have not been approached. This study argues for the necessity of tax credit for expenses spent on disaster prevention and disaster preparation as a private voluntary implementation plan for disaster safety management. This is because it is unlikely that the private sector will come forward and implement it first if it is not a legal obligation or is not urgent if enormous time and costs are spent, such as measures to improve facilities of buildings. Therefore, I think that if the private sector, that is, any citizen, spends expenses for disaster prevention and disaster preparation, if tax credits are made at a certain rate or flat rate during year-end tax adjustment, they will be interested in disaster safety management.