실업 억제 관점에서 유기고용 및 정년에 관한 스페인의 규제 동향과 시사점

Fixed-term employment contracts, permanent employment contracts, retirement policy, and unemployment are closely interconnected. First, a fixed-term employment contract is an agreement to work for a limited period, so when the contract ends, there is a high possibility of transitioning into unemployment. If the individual cannot find another job immediately, they become unemployed after the end of the contract period. On the other hand, a permanent employment contract has no set end date, allowing for stable employment until retirement age. There is relatively less concern about unemployment before reaching retirement age. However, when retirement comes, most employment contracts end, potentially leading to unemployment again. After retirement, it is often challenging to find new employment, increasing the risk of prolonged unemployment. In summary, fixed-term employment contracts carry the risk of unemployment whenever they end, while permanent employment contracts make retirement a critical point for unemployment. Unemployment after retirement can be particularly problematic, as it becomes harder to find a new job at an older age. Ultimately, these three factors influence each other and are key elements in determining an individual's job stability and unemployment risk. Spain’s regulations on fixed-term employment and retirement policies are not well-known in South Korea. Spain, which has long experienced high unemployment rates compared to other European nations, has implemented various policies to regulate fixed-term employment over the years. These regulations are aimed at balancing the labor market and addressing issues related to job insecurity. Additionally, Spain has linked the age for receiving old-age pensions with retirement policies, fluctuating between abolishing and maintaining mandatory retirement ages. Learning from Spain’s experiences in managing fixed-term employment regulations and retirement policies can provide valuable insights to South Korea facing similar issues.