AI가 불러온 글로벌 데이터 규제의 변화

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, data transfer policies have emerged as a critical issue in the global economy. Since the release of ChatGPT by OpenAI in 2022, AI has been transforming societal and economic paradigms, intensifying technological competition between nations. The free flow of data is closely tied to the growth of the digital economy and is seen as essential for AI development. However, as concerns rise that AI competition could pose threats to national security and economies major countries are revising their policies to strengthen data regulations. Recently, the United States and the EU have introduced regulations aimed at fostering AI development while enhancing personal data protection. The EU has been rigorously enforcing data protection through the GDPR. The U.S. had previously prioritized market efficiency and permitted certain privacy compromises under self-regulation but now has begun implementing policies to restrict data transfers in response to national security concerns. These shifts could significantly impact global trade and AI developmen, potentially limiting the free flow of data worldwide. This paper highlights the importance of establishing a comprehensive data strategy to balance AI development, personal data protection, and global trade in Korea by analyzing the recent data policy changes of the EU and the United States. As personal data has evolved from a mere resource for AI development into a national security concern countries have increasingly tightened their data regulations. Therefore it is crucial to devise strategies that strike a balance between AI development and data protection by carefully analyzing international trends and integrating them into our policy framework.