주문형 보험제도의 발전 현황과 법제도적 과제에 관한 연구

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in the United States views on-demand insurance products as insurance products that perform continuous underwriting, microinsurance products, and insurance products for sharing economy workers. There is no doubt that on-demand insurance products, which have emerged as new products due to the development of 4th industrial revolution technologies such as artificial intelligence technology, will play a fundamental role in the future of the insurance industry in general. As we have seen, on-demand insurance products, which have emerged due to the development of 4th industrial revolution technologies such as artificial intelligence technology, are expected to become the future of the insurance industry. The potential of automation such as artificial intelligence may vary depending on accessibility to risk-related data, frequency of data exchange, location of insured individuals or insured objects, activities and usage patterns of insured individuals, and customers’ willingness to collect and share data about the environment surrounding the insured object. In addition, smartphones, wearable devices, and installed devices will be among the most frequently used mobile technologies to collect insurance data. In addition, data collected from social media can enable digital transformation. For example, posts on social media platforms about trips to rough or dangerous places can be fed into the customer's risk score, which can lead to differentiated insurance pricing. In this way, as the Internet of Things connects and enables real-time measurement of the condition, location, security level, risk management level, and exposure level of the insured object, on-demand insurance products are likely to expand to all insurance product areas, not just automobile insurance. Meanwhile, due to the development of information collection and recording devices built into automobiles, automobile manufacturers are likely to obtain more information than insurance companies regarding the information required for automobile insurance. Accordingly, major insurance companies in the U.S. and Europe are attempting various collaborations with automobile manufacturers or automobile data processing companies to provide usage-based insurance products through connected cars while directly collecting data through products provided by insurance companies, such as plug-in devices and Bluetooth. In on-demand insurance as well, data can be a very important resource without a doubt. In particular, the EU data law grants vehicle owners access to vehicle data, and institutional arrangements are in place to allow insurance companies, repair and maintenance companies, etc. to utilize vehicle data. Korea should also refer to these legislative efforts to establish institutional arrangements that allow vehicle owners or insurance companies to appropriately collect and utilize automobile-related data and information. In particular, it is essential to establish a foundation for insurance companies that are well-versed in insurance information to appropriately collect scattered insurance-related information and utilize it for the manufacture of innovative insurance products, and it is desirable to provide the necessary data for the systematic collection and management of risk-related information of insured persons and insured objects as business expenses of insurance companies within a reasonable range, and to this end, it is time to comprehensively review the special benefit provision prohibition clause of the Insurance Business Act. Meanwhile, it is necessary to pursue policies to develop the on-demand insurance system in order to innovate insurance products, while also devising countermeasures for problems. As already discussed, on-demand insurance can be vulnerable to insurance fraud due to the weakening of the underwriting review function. Therefore, it is necessary to review the establishment of new types of data use fraud crimes, such as cases of deception by entering false information or data into the Special Act on Prevention of Insurance Fraud. In addition, in order to secure clarity in transactions for on-demand insurance, the start and end of the insurance period should be accurately communicated. Finally, it is necessary to require insurance companies that provide on-demand insurance to accumulate appropriate reserves, as it is difficult to predict the insurance contract period, and if only a small number of customers use it due to the increase in small insurance premiums in a short period of time, profitability may be affected if sales do not increase significantly.