Examining the impact of sintering conditions on the microwave dielectric properties of Ca0.61M0.26TiO3 (M=La3+, Nd3+)

This research, which takes a unique approach, investigates the influence of calcination temperatures on the microwavedielectric properties of Ca0.61M0.26TiO3 (M=La3+, Nd3+) ceramics. The samples were prepared using a conventional solid-statereaction method, with systematic variations in calcination temperatures. The sintering process, a crucial step in samplepreparation, was conducted at a sintering temperature for a duration. The study focuses on critical dielectric parameters,such as dielectric constant (εr), quality factor (Qf values), and temperature coefficient (τf values), measured at microwavefrequencies. The unique findings of this research highlight the importance of calcination temperatures in determining theceramics’ phase purity, grain size, and density, thereby influencing their dielectric properties. These original findings, notpreviously reported, identify optimal calcination temperatures for both Ca0.61La0.26TiO3 and Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3, with eachmaterial exhibiting distinct temperature dependencies due to the different ionic radii and chemical properties of La3+ and Nd3+. These original results significantly enhance our understanding of how calcination temperature affects microwave dielectricperformance, offering essential guidance for developing high-performance dielectric materials for advanced communicationtechnologies.