국제통상법 시각에서 본 인공지능(AI) 규범 분석

Artificial Intelligence(AI) norms can be divided into three categories from an international trade law perspective. First, there are trade rules that protect AI technology, in particular algorithms, data and computing power, including AI chips. The United States, the EU and other countries are applying export controls on AI chips, tightening scrutiny of inbound investment and exploring controls on outbound investment in order to maintain technological leadership. Second, there are domestic laws and regulations to regulate AI technology. To ensure the safety, stability and reliability of the rapid development of AI technology, the EU has enacted the AI Act and the United States has issued the AI Executive Order. These laws and regulations affect both domestic AI companies and foreign companies introducing AI products into the EU and US markets. Third, international cooperative norms on AI in terms of principles, standards and harmonisation. The OECD, the G7, the UN and the Council of Europe are developing AI principles. ISO/IEC is discussing AI standardisation, such as ISO/IEC 42001. The US and EU are seeking to harmonise their national AI laws. The impact of these norms on trade and investment of Korean companies needs to be closely monitored. Korean domestic AI laws should also be enacted without stifling AI innovation and while ensuring the safety of AI. Above all, it is important to actively participate in international AI rule-making.