이슬람 신용카드의 샤리아(이슬람법) 특성에 관한 연구

Credit cards are popular as they are an easy way of obtaining personal financing and cash in advance as well as an easy and safe means of payment. However, the cards have become the cause of debt-compilation, mounting indebtedness and financial instability in the West society. Even though the credit card has also an indispensable tool of effecting payment today in many Muslim communities, Islamic credit card is one of the latest inventions of Islamic banking and finance for the fulfillment of the Sharia requirements. Islamic credit card has been developed to avoid dealing with interest linked financial instrument and meet the demand of Muslim clients even though the Islamic credit card is based on the same principle of ‘purchasing now and paying later’ like Western credit card. However, Islamic credit cards are greatly different to Conventional one. First, Islamic credit cards have no compounding interest, however Conventional one applies the compounding one. Second, Islamic credit cards only allow Halal transaction while Conventional ones consider both Halal and non-Halal financial transaction. Third, Islamic credit cards do not charge interest rate for pricing policy while Conventional one charge the one. But Islamic credit cards introduce profit rates to generate fee-based income. The concept of Ujrah or fee based Islamic credit card is based purely on fee structure in which no interest costs are charged to the cardholder. In the Bay al-inah credit card structure, Islamic banks used to sell an asset to the customer on deferred payment basis and buy back the assest on cash at a lower price, and therefore profit from the difference between the two prices. The customer is also entitled to the cash which is used to settle the full balance of the credit card. The Ijarah credit card enables customers to purchase and own goods that they may not be in a position to access on a cash basis and repayment is deferred on a ‘lease to own’ basis. Even though Islamic credit cards are likely to mimic the conventional cards in terms of encouraging their use by offering similar rewards and privileges because consumers the more convenient and cost-effective card, Islamic credit cards will not be promoters of consumerism and debt accumulation.