세계유산 영향평가(HIA) 제도의 진단과 과제

This article is to examine the process of introducing the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) developed by UNESCO and advisory organizations into Korea. It diagnoses the World Heritage Impact Assessment System under the World Heritage Act in terms of legal system consistency and operational status, and examines tasks to be considered in the future. The problem of World Heritage Impact Assessment begins with the mismatch between the national regulations applied to state-designated heritage and UNESCO World Heritage which was designated as a state-designated heritage. It is almost impossible to harmonize two types of regulations because the philosophical background, the time of designation and listing, and scope of the two regulations are all different. In addition, discrimination exists among World Heritages under the World Heritage Act in that there are many World Heritages which the Act does not applies such as traditional temples. It is necessary to match the hierarchy of regulations applied mutatis mutandis within the World Heritage Act with consistency with other laws related to management plans around World Heritage. Currently, there are no more than 35 applications for listing as World Heritage by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, and the number of applications is limited to one by each country. Korea has already submitted 13 tentative lists, and many local governments have announced that they will prepare to apply tentative lists. Considering these realistic conditions, it is difficult to increase the number of World Heritages in large quantities subject to World Heritage Impact Assessment. Rather than being excessively immersed in Toolkit 2022 that are not legally binding under international law, it is desirable to check the management status of the existing listed World Heritages first, and then try to promote harmonization of regulations among heritage-related laws.