ESG 규준의 초국경적 생태적 합리화 프로젝트: 녹색 정보화와 시장 권력의 도구화를 중심으로

The discourse surrounding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) has grown increasingly complex. This article aims to establish a theoretical foundation for positioning ESG within debates on the ecological transformation of capitalism. Drawing on ecological modernization theory, this study analyzes the strategies underpinning ESG regulations and standards. The cases examined include the UN Principles for Responsible Investment, the Sustainability Disclosure Guidelines, RE-100, the Supply Chain Due Diligence Guidelines, and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. The analysis of primary characteristics of ESG reveals the institutionalization of environmental impact disclosure for industrial activities and the instrumentalization of market power to enforce compliance. This study further identifies the transnational ecological rationalization strategies aimed at reforming the global industrial structure. While these mechanisms suggest potential for catalyzing systemic transformation, they also reveal limitations inherent in ecological rationality and green capitalism. ESG standards that reframe trade competition between advanced and emerging economies as a conflict between ecological and economic rationality contribute to reinforce existing capitalist power structures. This analysis indicates the necessity of a dual approach to ESG, suggesting the need for alternative frameworks.