AI가 국제무역에 미치는 영향: 기회와 도전

Purpose - In addition to providing an additional impetus for international trade liberalization, there are also concerns that AI may accelerate the fragmentation of domestic AI policies and the existence of policy gaps in goods, services, intellectual property rights, subsidies, and geopolitical issues that cannot be addressed by current regulations. Therefore, this paper summarizes the impact of AI on international trade in terms of opportunities and challenges using qualitative analysis. Design/methodology/approach - Considering the limited availability of empirical data on AI, this paper analyzes the positive impacts and potential problems of AI on international trade through literature and case studies, and draws policy implications for harmonizing AI and international trade through the use of multilateral trading systems. Findings - The study result shows that given the rapid pace of AI development and the lack of trade policies, it seems urgent to build a policy architecture that harmonizes trade and AI. In the context of the WTO, it is proposed to promote cooperation on international AI standards, utilize WTO committees and working groups to actively discuss the classification of AI as goods and services, the establishment of Mode 5, subsidies, and intellectual property rights issues, proactively resolve disagreements between countries through the Specific Trade Concern (STC) system, and share policy examples of AI utilization as a means to promote trade. Research implications or Originality - This study provides directions for the coexistence and development of AI and international trade, and draws policy implications to support AI technology as a transformative force in international trade, and we hope that the implications of this study will serve as basic research to support the important role of AI technology in the sustainable development of global trade.