ChatGPT’s security risk and its legal countermeasures

The swift progress of artificial intelligence has ushered in an exciting new era of technological revolution. Innovations in this field are transforming industries, enhancing our daily lives, and reshaping how we interact with technology. ChatGPT, as a landmark application of generative artificial intelligence, has caused a disruptive change to the Internet ecosystem and human-computer interaction mode with its excellent natural language processing technology. From an overarching perspective on national security, ChatGPT utilizes high-quality, accurate data and innovative machine learning algorithms, posing challenges in safeguarding the rights of individuals and presenting security risks across political and economic domains. From an overarching perspective on national security, Supported by high-quality, accurate data and innovative algorithms based on human feedback and reinforcement learning, ChatGPT understands the user's linguistic preferences, and its conversational interactions with humans gradually produce “human-like features.” ChatGPT not only has the function of storing historical conversations but also can expand and deepen new conversations with users based on the understanding of historical conversations. ChatGPT, while dramatically increasing its utility, also poses resistance to protecting the rights of natural persons and security risks in the political and economic spheres. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the key features of ChatGPT, focusing on its underlying working principles. Following this, we will conduct an in-depth analysis of the potential risks associated with its use, examining the implications for individual security, political stability, and economic well-being. At the level of personal security, potential issues include the plagiarism of results during the data collection stage and the risk of data leakage during data storage. Regarding political security, there is a risk that it may serve as a tool for intelligence gathering and the export of values from technologically advanced countries to those less advanced, thereby increasing the likelihood of technology companies sharing governmental governance powers. Regarding economic security, the adversarial risks associated with algorithm applications may hinder fair market competition. The capability of ChatGPT to execute mechanically repetitive and highly structured tasks during the algorithm rollout phase raises concerns about job displacement and employment pressures. To mitigate these security risks associated with ChatGPT, it is essential to establish robust data processing norms in the information retrieval domain, strengthen oversight of extreme speech on the Internet, refine self-inspection protocols for enterprises, and anticipate the extent of labor market displacement. These measures promote a unified strategy for protecting individual security, maintaining political stability, ensuring economic integrity, and safeguarding national interests, contributing Chinese wisdom to exploring the balance between the development of the AI industry and safety.