자치경찰제의 개선방안에 관한 고찰

Abstract The comprehensive municipal police system, which took effect from July 1, 2021, introduced a model of the municipal police system unified into the national police organization in consideration of various legal realities. The problem is that the current autonomous police system is highly likely to only engage in uniform police activities that do not coincide with local conditions as in the past. For example, rather than implementing life safety activities in line with local circumstances, autonomous police follows the mooring organization that leads to city and provincial police agencies, police stations, and district corps and police boxes by the decision of the National Police Agency in accordance with the provisions of “Organization of the National Police Agency and its affiliated agencies”. In that respect, questions still remain as to whether autonomous police has been overcome the centralized national police system. This study examined the evaluation of the current self-governing police system below: first, the issue of power distribution by task type under the Police Act, second, the legal nature of autonomous police work under the Police Act, third, the relationship between city and provincial councils and the autonomous police, fourth, the relationship between the mayor/governor and the autonomous police, fifth, the independence of city/provincial police committees, and sixth, the problems of lack of actual resident participation under the current law. And as one of the future tasks, it was confirmed that they should take measures in consideration of the social environment in which various social anxiety about a wide range of crimes against women, including dating violence, illegal filming, stalking, and sexual crimes, is growing. Therefore, the role of the autonomous police to protect the socially disadvantaged such as youth, women, children, the elderly, housewives, and the disabled needs to be substantiated, and its main role needs to be stipulated in protecting the socially disadvantaged in the region. The Korean-style autonomous police is especially meaningful in promoting national development through competitive development based on the unique circumstances of each region, which is the essence of local autonomy. The practical task for this is to make an effort to establish the ideological model of the autonomous police system at an early stage through creative efforts based on the uniqueness of each local government. In the future, it is necessary to institutionalize the practical guarantee of local autonomy through the revision of the Police Act and to clearly define the fundamental direction of the autonomous police. In addition, active efforts are required to secure manpower and budget that the advantages of a democratic autonomous police system are realized, such as local community policing, inducing competition for police services, realizing resident participation and strengthening cooperation with police cooperative organizations, enhancing on-site responsiveness of police services through joint production of public affairs, etc. and mission protecting the socially disadvantaged by autonomous police are realized.