국가안보 위협 대응을 위한 「비상대비에 관한 법률」 개정방안 연구

The need for Korea's emergency preparedness field has been increasing due to the increase in global transnational and non-military security threats as well as the traditional national security threat from North Korea since the Korean War. However, the scale of emergency response work and organization has been reduced to its current level due to North Korea's military provocations and progress in inter-Korean relations. The 「Emergency Preparedness Act」, which regulates emergency preparedness work, fails to define the concept of ‘emergency’ compared to other emergency preparedness-related laws such as the 「Framework Act on Civil Defense」 and the 「Integrated Defense Act」, and the concept of emergency preparedness work is limited to establishing an emergency preparedness plan, managing emergency preparedness resources, and emergency preparedness education and training. Therefore, it is insufficient to play a role in encompassing the entire emergency preparedness field, which was the purpose of revising the legal title of the same Act in 2022. In particular, emergency preparedness work is scattered across various laws such as the 「Civil Defense Basic Act」, 「Integrated Defense Act」, 「Reserve Forces Act」, and 「Martial Law Act」, confirming the problem of immediate initial response in an emergency and the absence of a control tower. To this end, the 「Act on Emergency Preparedness」 should be revised to the 「Basic Act on Emergency Preparedness」 so that it can be operated comprehensively as a basic law covering the emergency preparedness area, and the existing director-level emergency preparedness organization should be established as an independent ‘National Emergency Preparedness Agency’ so that it can serve as a control tower to coordinate and control the emergency preparedness functions of various ministries in the event of an emergency, thereby enabling it to respond to national security threats.