둔스 스코투스의 자연법사상- ‘십계명’(十誡命)의 자연법성 검토를 중심으로 -

Duns Scotus is known as a scholar of the late Scholar philosophy and was called Doctor Subtilis (Subtle Doctor). After joining the Franciscan Church, he studied philosophy and theology at the University of Oxford and the University of Paris, and then taught at Oxford and the University of Paris. At one point, he was involved in a conflict between the Pope and the Emperor and was expelled from France. Later, he worked as a professor at the University of Paris again, and suddenly moved to Cologne, where he died. For major works, an annotation on the collection of Petrus Lombardus propositions and Ordinatio, which summarized his lectures and thoughts, are famous. He was influenced by Augustine and Bonaventura under the the theological line of the Franciscan religious order and by new natural studies at the University of Oxford at the time. He opposed Thomas Aquinas' ideas and created an important opportunity to lead medieval philosophy to the Renaissance. The characteristic of his idea of natural law is that he gave a new answer to the classic question, “Do all the precepts of the Ten Commandments belong to natural law?” Scotus, who clearly escaped Aquinas' natural law idea based on the rationality of the nature of things, understood that natural law was an expression of God's will, and that God was an almighty, so he could freely proclaim the moral laws he wanted. Since only one God cannot deny himself, the commandment of ‘Love God’ has the character of natural law in the form of ‘You must not hate God’, leading to the conclusion that only one to three of the Ten Commandments belongs to natural law, and that all other precepts belong to God's will and that God can change according to his will, so they cannot belong to natural law.