저출산, 지방소멸의 위기와 법적 개선방안

Even amidst the recent political turmoil, a greater crisis looms over South Korea-the severe decline in birth rates and the risk of regional extinction. In 2023, the total fertility rate was recorded at 0.72, making South Korea the country with the world's lowest birth rate. The nation as a whole now faces the urgent task of addressing this demographic catastrophe. The issue of ultra-low birth rates is not something that can be resolved solely by government officials or a small group of experts. Every citizen must now take this issue seriously, reflect on it, and actively work toward a solution. This study proposes the following action plans to overcome the crisis of ultra-low birth rates and regional extinction in South Korean society: First, the "Framework Act on Low Birth Rate and Aging Society" should be revised to recognize childbearing as a social responsibility for the nation. The government and local authorities should take on financial responsibilities to create a more supportive environment for pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, the economic and regional imbalance caused by overconcentration in the capital area should be addressed by improving the Special Account for Balanced Regional Development. Second, from economic, educational, and social perspectives, a spirit of "social solidarity" must take root through job creation, educational reform, and immigration policies. Third, by adopting family policies and birth rate recovery strategies from developed nations such as Germany and France, South Korea can find viable solutions to escape its ultra-low birth rate crisis. Finally, resolving this crisis requires addressing South Korea's excessively competitive and unforgiving societal structure. Only by doing so can the nation build a hopeful future.