위성 운영자의 법적 책임에 관한 연구

Despite the rapid growth of private-sector space activities, South Korea's current legal framework lacks explicit and detailed regulations regarding satellite operators' responsibilities. This creates uncertainty about liability and satellite disposal practices, increasing risks related to space debris accumulation and international legal disputes. This study examines international law and comparative examples from advanced spacefaring nations such as the United States and Japan. The United States clearly regulates satellite operators' management responsibilities, collision avoidance measures, and mandatory compliance with disposal plans. Japan similarly provides explicit standards for operator licensing conditions, liability for damages, and satellite end-of-life disposal obligations. Drawing from these cases, the paper recommends that South Korea clearly defines: 1) operational responsibilities, including collision avoidance and operational control, 2) liability scopes distinguishing satellite operators from launch providers, and 3) mandatory end-of-life disposal procedures. Establishing these explicit regulations would mitigate risks of international disputes, reduce space debris, and enhance the sustainability and safety of outer space activities.