인공지능기본법 주요 내용의 검토와 향후 과제

This paper analyzes main contents of the Basic Act on the Promotion of Foundations for Development and Trust for Artificial Intelligence (“Basic Act on Artificial Intelligence” or “Basic Act” in short) and future agenda. The Basic Act on Artificial Intelligence, as its name signifies, is not a fully developed self-sufficient act but a framework act, whose details should be supplemented in the future. The Basic Act puts more stress on development of artificial intelligence technology and industry, despite that it deals with both development and trust sides of artificial intelligence. Compared with the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, the Basic Act provides only grounds for regulation. Upon those grounds, it is hoped, that localized sets of rules to enhance trust of artificial intelligence be built through the process of making implementation rules and guidelines. Voluntary regulation by non-governmental organizations and market participants should be utilized in addition to and before the introduction of public regulation. An urgent task is to elaborate the definition and boundary of “high-impact” artificial intelligence as the Basic Act used the term instead of “high-risk” artificial intelligence. It is necessary to create sub-categories under the high-impact artificial intelligence and apply suitable level of regulations for each category of artificial intelligence. Other laws such as Copyright Act and the Act for the Protection of Personal Data may need amendments in order to adjust to revolutionary changes that artificial intelligence has brought.