기후변화 완화 기술인 CCUS를 활성화하기 위한 미국의 경제적 혜택에 관한 연구

This study examines Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) as a climate change mitigation technology. The Green New Deal in the United States was formulated with the recognition of the severity of climate change and the goal of achieving carbon neutrality. Accordingly, this study explores the Green New Deal in the United States and analyzes the reasons why the U.S. included CCUS in its policy framework. By advancing CCUS technology, the United States has contributed to decarbonization, supported greenhouse gas reduction commitments under the Paris Agreement, and facilitated job creation. As a leading nation in CCUS, the U.S. has been utilizing carbon capture technology since the 1970s, particularly applying captured CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery(EOR). Following the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, the U.S. enacted the Energy Policy Act, the Energy Independence and Security Act, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to promote market development and RD&D initiatives, thereby fostering the growth of CCS. In 2008, the Energy Improvement and Extension Act introduced the 45Q tax credit for the first time, which was subsequently expanded through the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 and the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, providing significant tax incentives to encourage private sector participation across the CCUS industry. This study further analyzes CCUS-related programs and projects established under key U.S. laws, including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), the Energy Act, the Utilizing Significant Emissions with Innovative Technologies (USE IT) Act, and the Clean Economy Jobs and Innovation Act. It examines the specific projects funded under these laws and the financial support allocated to them. Based on this analysis, the study derives key policy implications for the development and implementation of CCUS initiatives.