육아휴직급여 수급자격 관대성의 사회⋅제도적 조건에 대한 질적 비교 분석 연구

The purpose of this study is to examine the conditional context of the inclusiveness of parental leave benefit eligibility theoretically and to analyze the social and institutional conditions influencing the inclusiveness of parental leave benefit eligibility in 18 OECD countries using the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(fsQCA) method. As the outcome condition, the study utilizes the parental leave benefit eligibility index developed by Dobrotić and Blum(2020). As causal conditions, it incorporates indicators representing the social value of care, the proportion of non-standard employment, persistent low fertility rates, and the governance and funding mechanisms of parental leave systems. The analysis of sufficient conditions reveals that the cases of Germany, Sweden/Iceland, and Austria each contain different combinations of causal conditions leading to inclusive eligibility criteria. For instance, in the case of Germany, in a society where the social value of care is low, an urgent demand for expanding benefit entitlement arises due to declining birth rates and an increasing non-standard employment. In such a context, government funding through the general budget was identified as a sufficient condition for inclusive eligibility. Based on these findings, the study implies the necessity of addressing coverage gaps in parental leave benefits by considering demographic and labor market conditions, enhancing the social value of care to produce effective policy products, and establishing either a separate parental insurance system or providing government support through the general budget.