일제의 대륙병참기지 강화와 학생 강제 동원 - 경성지역 국제법 위반 사례를 중심으로 -

This study investigates the forced mobilization of students in Gyeongseong (Seoul) under Japan’s continental military supply base policy and total mobilization system. It clearly demonstrates that such mobilization constituted a violation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) provisions prohibiting student labor. The forced mobilization of students in Gyeongseong can be broadly categorized into three main aspects. First, students were deployed for military-related construction projects in the Yongsan military district, including drill grounds, Yongsan Hospital, the Namsan roadworks, and the construction of an airbase. Second, they were sent to the front lines of Japan’s war against China as part of the ‘Manchuria Construction’ Corps. Third, large numbers of students from Gyeonggi and South Chungcheong Provinces were mobilized for the construction of the Buyeo Shrine, a key site for Japan’s imperial assimilation policy. In addition, like students in other regions, they were forced to collect pine resin for oil production and mobilized to build aircraft shelters, dig air-raid trenches, and construct both private and public evacuation facilities. The colonial government’s systematic forced labor mobilization of students through the Gyeongseong Student Labor Mobilization Headquarters was a clear violation of Article 11 of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which prohibits the mobilization of students for labor, as well as Article 7, which bans the labor mobilization of minors. Under the pretext that "labor is education," all students in Korea, including Japanese settlers, were conscripted into Japan’s war effort. Among them, forcibly mobilized Korean students were among the most vulnerable, enduring severe exploitation and sacrifice at the lowest level of the forced labor hierarchy.