기술, 조직, 환경요인이 스타트업의 창업성과에 미치는 영향

Startups operate in highly uncertain environments where internal competencies and external support play a crucial role in their success. However, existing research lacks a comprehensive framework that integrates these factors. By systematically applying the Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE) framework, this study provides a structured understanding of how different elements collectively influence startup performance. By categorizing key variables within this framework, digital competency (technological factor), entrepreneurial and team competency (organizational factors), and financial support and product uncertainty (environmental factors) were examined. Based on a survey of 311 startup employees, hypotheses were tested using multi regression analysis with SPSS. The empirical findings indicate that digital competency, entrepreneurial competency, startup team competency, and direct financial support positively influence startup performance, while product uncertainty has a negative influence. These results highlight the importance of strengthening internal capabilities and securing stable financial resources, while emphasizing the need to mitigate product uncertainty as a key challenge for startups. Conversely, the influence of indirect financial support on startup performance was not statistically significant, suggesting that its effects may require a longer-term perspective, be conditional on market dynamics, or depend on the startup’s stage of development. The relative influence of key factors on startup performance was observed in the following order: entrepreneurial competency, startup team competency, direct financial support, digital competency, and product uncertainty. These findings underscore the dominant role of human capital and direct financial resources in driving startup success. Academically, this study advances the application of the TOE framework in startup research by incorporating digital competency as a critical technological factor, which expands its relevance in the modern entrepreneurial ecosystem. Additionally, it contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the differentiated influences of technological, organizational, and environmental factors. From a practical perspective, these findings suggest that startups should prioritize developing strong entrepreneurial and team competencies, securing direct financial support, and actively managing product uncertainty to enhance performance. Policymakers should reassess the effectiveness of indirect financial support mechanisms and consider policies that provide more direct, tangible support to early-stage startups. Furthermore, fostering digital competency through targeted training and infrastructure investment can strengthen the technological foundation for startup success.