중국박물관 유니버설 디자인 공간요소에 관한 연구

(Background and Purpose) As important public cultural facilities in cities, museums serve the society and are open to the public, and they are also key platforms for the inheritance and development of social civilization. Although some museums in China have begun to pay attention to the concept of universal design in recent years, universal design is still in its infancy, and the scientific and practical aspects of the construction of facilities still need to be strengthened, and there are still problems of irrational and imperfect design, which not only affects the user's experience, but also restricts the realization of the social functions of museums. Therefore, this paper takes universal design as a perspective, through combing the relevant data of universal design and museum space composition, combined with examining the site conditions of the National Museum of China, the Shanghai Museum, and the Guangdong Museum. The user evaluation data of Chinese museum space is analyzed in depth to understand the current situation of problems and deficiencies in museums, and to draw on the excellent cases, norms and guidelines of universal design in various countries, and finally to establish the applicability evaluation item list suitable for museums. It will provide a scientific basis for future museum design and remodeling.(Method) To this end, this study first conducts an in-depth study on the origin, definition, and application principles of universal design by referring to domestic and international academic papers, professional books and design norms, and summarizes the elements of universal design including seven principles: accessibility, inclusion, fairness, convenience, recognition, safety, and comfort according to principles and guidelines. Since then, by combining early research and relevant normative guidelines, we have developed a deep understanding of the concept and space composition of Chinese museums and derived six sections of Chinese museum space composition. Finally, based on general design elements and space components, we derive general design measurement projects of Chinese museums and establish a general design evaluation system for Chinese museums. (Results) We have analyzed the laws and regulations related to architecture of Chinese museums in depth, refer to design cases of famous museums in Korea and abroad, and summarize six major space compositions including access facilities, interior facilities, exhibition facilities, exhibition facilities, information facilities, sanitation facilities, and other facilities by referring to general design of museums in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, Korea, and Japan. Second, the specific areas of this space composition include sidewalks and access roads, parking lots, main entrances, stairs, elevators and escalators, slopes and passages, exhibits and lighting, braille blocks, braille blocks and evacuation facilities, toilets, multi-sensory facilities, and auxiliary facilities. Finally, 80 museum general design survey and evaluation items were derived, and these evaluation items provide important references for the improvement of Chinese museums.