한국과 미국 방위산업의 ESG 전략 비교: 지속가능경영보고서를 중심으로

The defense industry has long been regarded as a “sin industry” due to the inhumane nature of weaponry. However, in the context of a global paradigm shift demanding both national security and sustainability, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) management has emerged as a critical issue in the defense sector. This study aims to derive strategic implications for enhancing the global competitiveness of South Korea's defense industry by comparing and analyzing the ESG strategies of major defense companies in South Korea and the United States. To achieve this, the study conducts both qualitative analysis and quantitative keyword network analysis, based primarily on sustainability reports published by leading defense firms in both countries. The findings reveal distinct differences between the two nations in the structure and implementation of ESG strategies across the environmental, social, and governance dimensions. In particular, notable national-specific characteristics were identified in terms of the level of strategic autonomy, information disclosure, and engagement with external stakeholders. Based on these insights, this study proposes a practical direction for South Korean defense companies to establish ESG strategies that align with global standards, thereby securing both sustainability and competitiveness in the international market, while also discussing relevant theoretical implications and directions for future research.