스테이블코인 규제의 국제적 조망: 주요국 입법 현황과 정책 비교

As the influence of stablecoins for payments in global financial markets has expanded rapidly in recent years, major countries have been working on legislative strategies in response. The United States recognizes stablecoins as a key tool to strengthen the hegemony of the dollar, and is rushing to legislate and regulate privately issued stablecoins. Bills are already being actively discussed in the Senate and House of Representatives, and specific regulatory standards such as 1:1 reserve asset holdings, issuer authorization, and liquidity and transparency are being prepared. The European Union (EU) has also introduced differentiated regulations through MiCA to promote euro-based stablecoins and restrict cross-border payments for foreign currency stablecoins such as the dollar. The UK, Japan, and other countries are also moving quickly to regulate stablecoins in line with their respective financial environments and policy goals. In Korea, on the other hand, the financial authorities and the central bank have only recently begun designing a stablecoin system, and it has been pointed out that it is urgent to establish a system that meets global standards. In this context, comparing and analyzing the legislative strategies and status of major countries' stablecoin legislation will provide important implications for setting domestic policy directions.