소득세와 자산보유세가 자산 불평등에 미치는 영향

This study sets up a dynamic life-cycle model for consumption and saving, and examines the effects of income and property tax on wealth inequality. The wealth Gini coefficient in the base model is 0.584, and a 10% increase in income tax reduces the asset Gini coefficient to 0.578, and an 84.5% increase in property tax, which is correspond to the same increase in tax amount, decreases to 0.554. Both income tax and property tax increases are effective in alleviating wealth inequality. Both income tax and property holding tax increases contribute to lowering the share of the top wealth group, and if the tax amount is increased in the same amount, the property holding tax has a greater impact on the reduction of the asset share of the top group reflecting the current tax progressiveness structure. Simulations that strengthen the progressiveness of income tax produce results in a significant reduction in wealth inequality even with a small increase in tax. In a model with homogeneous asset return, the effect of an increase in income tax or property holding tax on wealth inequality is very small, and the difference between the two taxes is also very small. Compared with the results of the heterogeneous asset return model, the effect of income tax or asset holding tax on alleviating asset inequality depends on how the asset return relates to the amount of assets. Tax burden of raising income tax is relatively equal by age, while the property tax burden increases unevenly in the elderly with wealth.