미국 지급결제 시스템의 혁신과 법제 변화: 디지털 시대의 규제 방향성

The U.S. has a variety of federal and state regulations for the payments industry, including the Electronic Funds Transfer Act (EFTA), Federal Reserve Regulation (Regulation E), the Bank Secrecy Act (AML), Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) regulations, and state-specific Money Transmitter Acts. The U.S. regulatory environment is also evolving to accommodate the growth of digital payments. In particular, the CFPBʼs oversight efforts, increased collaboration between financial institutions and fintech companies, the adoption of technology-based fraud prevention systems, and the overhaul of consumer protection laws are ongoing. It is also worth noting regulatory changes that support the development of cross-border payments markets. For example, regulations such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) and the Anti-Money Laundering Act (AML Act) provide guidance for secure and compliant payment processing. In addition, the U.S. government and financial regulators are supporting fintech innovation through initiatives that promote the development of new payment technologies. Furthermore, policy shifts toward the adoption of payment stablecoins and recently proposed stablecoin-related legislation are likely to further accelerate the transformation of the cross-border payments market.