A Review on ethical and legal issues following the emergence of Humanoid with Embodied AI

Experts predicted that it would take a considerable amount of time for super artificial intelligence to emerge after the advent of general-purpose artificial intelligence, but that time has been shortened so quickly that even artificial intelligence experts are saying that the pace of artificial intelligence development that may pose a threat to humanity should be mitigated. Although this artificial intelligence was implemented two-dimensionally through computer screens, in line with the development of robotics, efforts to create human-like robots and models that can perform human-like language and actions are also evolving tremendously. There are various opinions on whether it will benefit humans if two-dimensional artificial intelligence is implemented in three dimensions and appears in our daily lives. In addition to the development of robotics, mechanical engineering, and artificial intelligence, neuroscience is expected to converge to allow the rapid emergence of innovative humanoids. In this background, the human brain intends to transplant the working principle into artificial intelligence so that it can behave, speak, and express human-like. This technology is due to the tremendous growth of technology and BMI technology that connect the human brain to machines. BMI (Brain-Machine Interface), well-known as the pinnacle of neuroscience convergence, was developed to overcome physical and emotional disorders, but as the principles of the brain begin to be identified, it is expected that innovative AI-neuroscience convergence humanoids will emerge through autonomous learning by implanting them into artificial intelligence. The emergence of such humanoids can be economically and industrially beneficial, but they can also replace human jobs, and various controversies are expected over who is legally and ethically responsible for the actions taken by humanoids. However, the social spread of innovative technologies can pose a huge threat to humans in the absence of such socially agreed and ethical directions. In this study, we analyzed the current status and prospects of these innovative technological changes, as well as expected controversies and issues, and conducted a search for social consensus and ethical directions. And while promoting innovative technology, our society tried to make policy suggestions for social efforts to come up with future policy measures through various interdisciplinary studies such as humanities, sociology, law, and ethics, as well as science and technology fields such as neuroscience and artificial intelligence.